Economic Value Added
Background Economic value added (EVA) represents the value added to the shareholders by generating profit in excess of the cost of capital employed. EVA is, therefore, net profit after tax […]
Less Preferred Preference Shares
Background Despite being useful capital market instrument, preference shares are less preferred by companies. Preference share is a special class of share which pays a fixed dividend as a percentage […]
Cost of Bank Funds
Background Understanding costs by the management is important not only in manufacturing and trading industry but also in today’s fast changing banking environment. Once costs are known they provide a […]
Value Based Internal Audit
Background Management of every business organisation is facing the challenge of enhancing their performance. Value based measures are gaining popularity in measuring the performance these days. An alternative approach to […]
Managing Working Capital Differently
Background Working capital may be defined as the funds deployed by a company in the form of cash, stock, debtors and other current assets. The total sum of funds deployed […]
Universal Banking
Background Universal banking, in general, refers to a bank offering wide varieties of financial services under one roof. Such services include deposit taking, lending, trading of financial instruments, foreign exchange, […]